Food Insecurity and Associated Factors in Brazilian Undergraduates during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Undergraduates may face challenges to assure food security, related to economic and mental distress, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess food insecurity and its associated factors in undergraduates during the COVID-19 pandemic. An online cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2020 to February 2021 with 4775 undergraduates from all Brazilian regions. The questionnaire contained socio-economic variables, the validated Brazilian food insecurity scale, and the ESQUADA scale to assess diet quality. The median age of the students was 22.0 years, and 48.0% reported income decreasing with the pandemic. Food insecurity was present in 38.6% of the students, 4.5% with severe food insecurity and 7.7% moderate. Logistic regressions showed students with brown and black skin color/race presented the highest OR for food insecurity; both income and weight increase or reduction during the pandemic was also associated with a higher OR for food insecurity, and better diet quality was associated with decreased OR for food insecurity. Our study showed a considerable presence of food insecurity in undergraduates. Policy for this population must be directed to the most vulnerable: those with brown and black skin color/race, who changed income during the pandemic, and those presented with difficulties maintaining weight and with poor diet quality.

Breakfast skipping and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents: Systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the results of the association between breakfast skipping and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents. METHODS: The articles were searched in May 2020 from PubMed, Virtual Health Library, Scopus, Web of Science and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). The review included observational studies conducted with adolescents (10-19 years old), which estimated the association of breakfast skipping with at least one outcome (markers of body adiposity, blood pressure, serum lipid and glucose levels). Regarding the risk of bias, the articles were evaluated using the Research Triangle Institute (RTI) Item Bank on bias risk and accuracy of observational studies. The quality of the evidence was assessed by the Grade rating. RESULTS: A total of 43 articles involving 192,262 participants met the inclusion criteria and were considered in this review. The prevalence of breakfast skipping ranged from 0.7% to 94% and 60.5% of studies were classified with low risk of bias. The significant association between breakfast skipping and cardiometabolic risk factors was found in twenty-nine cross-sectional articles (n = 106,031) and four longitudinal articles (n = 5,162) for excess adiposity, in three articles (n = 8,511) for high total cholesterol levels, low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides, and in three studies (n = 6,303) for high blood pressure levels. However, there was no significant association between breakfast skipping and glycemic profile. According to the Grade rating, all the associations had low quality of evidence. CONCLUSION: The results of this review suggest that breakfast skipping is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents aged 10 to 19 years. However, considering the low quality of the evidence, the present results should be interpreted carefully. In addition, our findings highlight the importance of standardizing the definition of breakfast skipping and that more prospective studies are needed to determine how skipping breakfast can affect cardiometabolic risk factors in the long time.

Poor sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness and association with mental health in college students.

AIM: To estimate the prevalence of poor sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) among college students and to analyse their association with aspects of mental health. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study carried out with 1113 college students, enrolled in full-time courses at a public university in the Mid-West region of Brazil. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire with questions about demographics, socioeconomics, mental health, sleep quality, and EDS. Measurements of weight and height were taken to assess weight status using the body mass index. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations between perceived stress (classified as light, moderate, and high) and presence of depressive symptoms with poor sleep quality and presence of EDS. RESULTS: High prevalence of poor sleep quality (65.5%) and EDS (55%) was observed. In the adjusted models, poor sleep quality was significantly associated with moderate and high perceived stress and presence of depressive symptoms. For EDS, there was also a significant association with moderate and high perceived stress and presence of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: High prevalence of poor sleep quality and EDS was found among college students. Perceived stress and presence of depressive symptoms were significantly associated with both evaluated outcomes.

Associação entre composição domiciliar e consumo alimentar em adolescentes: uma revisão sistemática / Association between household composition and dietary consumption in adolescents: a systematic review

Objetivo: Revisar sistematicamente a associação entre composição domiciliar e consumo alimentar em adolescentes. Métodos: Trata-se de revisão sistemática da literatura. A busca dos artigos foi realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE via PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Web of Science, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Embase e Scopus. Os artigos foram avaliados por meio do Research Triangle Institute (RTI) Item Bank sobre risco de viés e acurácia de estudos observacionais. Foram avaliados estudos observacionais com adolescentes (10-19 anos de idade). Resultados: Dos 2.324 artigos encontrados, 11 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão, 9 de delineamento transversal e 2 longitudinais. Quanto à avaliação do consumo alimentar, foram avaliadas as frequências de: jantar em família, consumo de café da manhã, consumo de refeições, omissão do café da manhã, consumo de grupos alimentares, número de refeições realizadas durante o dia, assim como densidade energética de grupos alimentares e o Índice de Alimentação Saudável. Observou-se que adolescentes que moravam com ambos os pais apresentaram maior frequência de consumo do café da manhã e maior consumo de vegetais. Preferências alimentares mais positivas e saudáveis foram mais frequentes entre adolescentes que residiam em famílias nucleares. Por outro lado, consumo irregular de café da manhã e consumo de marcadores de alimentação não saudável foram mais frequentes entre adolescentes residentes em domicílios monoparentais, com família reconstituída e famílias extensas. Conclusão: Adolescentes que moravam com ambos os pais apresentaram melhor consumo alimentar. Ressalta-se a necessidade de considerar a composição domiciliar ao planejar programas de promoção da alimentação saudável entre adolescentes. (AU)

Objective: To review systematically the association between household composition and eating habits of adolescents. Methods: Systematic literature review. The search of articles was conducted on the databases MEDLINE via PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Web of Science, Virtual Health Library, Embase and Scopus. The articles were assessed through the Research Triangle Institute (RTI) Item Bank for risk of bias and accuracy of observational studies. Observational studies with adolescents (aged 10-19 years) were carried out. Results: Of 2,324 articles found, 11 met the eligibility criteria, nine being cross-sectional and two longitudinal studies. With respect to dietary habits, we assessed the following frequencies: family dinner, breakfast, meals consumption, breakfast skipping, food groups eaten, number of meals eaten per day, as well as energy density of food groups and the Healthy Diet Demetra Index. It was found that adolescents who lived with both parents had a higher frequency of having breakfast and eating more vegetables. The most positive and healthy food preferences were more frequent for adolescents who lived in nuclear families. On the other hand, irregular breakfast consumption and consumption of unhealthy food markers were more frequent among adolescents living in single-parent households, in reconstituted and extended families. Conclusion: Adolescents living with both parents have better eating patterns. The need to consider the household composition when planning healthy eating promotion programs for adolescents is highlighted. (AU)

Breakfast skipping and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents: Systematic review

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To systematically review the results of the association between breakfast skipping and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents. METHODS The articles were searched in May 2020 from PubMed, Virtual Health Library, Scopus, Web of Science and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). The review included observational studies conducted with adolescents (10-19 years old), which estimated the association of breakfast skipping with at least one outcome (markers of body adiposity, blood pressure, serum lipid and glucose levels). Regarding the risk of bias, the articles were evaluated using the Research Triangle Institute (RTI) Item Bank on bias risk and accuracy of observational studies. The quality of the evidence was assessed by the Grade rating. RESULTS A total of 43 articles involving 192,262 participants met the inclusion criteria and were considered in this review. The prevalence of breakfast skipping ranged from 0.7% to 94% and 60.5% of studies were classified with low risk of bias. The significant association between breakfast skipping and cardiometabolic risk factors was found in twenty-nine cross-sectional articles (n = 106,031) and four longitudinal articles (n = 5,162) for excess adiposity, in three articles (n = 8,511) for high total cholesterol levels, low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides, and in three studies (n = 6,303) for high blood pressure levels. However, there was no significant association between breakfast skipping and glycemic profile. According to the Grade rating, all the associations had low quality of evidence. CONCLUSION The results of this review suggest that breakfast skipping is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents aged 10 to 19 years. However, considering the low quality of the evidence, the present results should be interpreted carefully. In addition, our findings highlight the importance of standardizing the definition of breakfast skipping and that more prospective studies are needed to determine how skipping breakfast can affect cardiometabolic risk factors in the long time.

Longitudinal Study on the Lifestyle and Health of University Students (ELESEU): design, methodological procedures, and preliminary results.

Admission to a university may cause significant changes in the pattern of exposure to health risks. The aim of this paper is to describe the study design and methodological procedures adopted in the Longitudinal Study on the Lifestyle and Health of University Students (ELESEU). This study examines a dynamic cohort of full-time students at a public university in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. This research, which started in 2015, will have four years of follow-up and is scheduled to end in 2018. A self-administered questionnaire is applied, containing questions regarding demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, and information on health conditions and risk factors such as lifestyle, perceived stress, symptoms of depression, body image, risk behaviors for eating disorders, self-assessment of health and diet quality, and other issues related to nutrition and health. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements are also recorded. Two 24-hour dietary recalls and cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose capillary measurements are collected in 50% of the students. In 2015, 495 participants (82.6% of the eligible students) were assessed in the baseline study. Of these, 348 (70.3%) were followed up in 2016. In 2016, 566 participants were included in the cohort (81% of the eligible students). This study will help to identify the factors that might influence changes in the nutritional, health, and metabolic status of young adults during college life.

Longitudinal Study on the Lifestyle and Health of University Students (ELESEU): design, methodological procedures, and preliminary results / Estudo Longitudinal sobre Estilo de Vida e Saúde em Estudantes Universitários (ELESEU): delineamento, procedimentos metodológicos e resultados preliminares / Estudio Longitudinal sobre el Estilo de Vida y la Salud de Estudiantes Universitarios (ELESEU): diseño, procedimientos metodológicos, y resultados preliminares

Admission to a university may cause significant changes in the pattern of exposure to health risks. The aim of this paper is to describe the study design and methodological procedures adopted in the Longitudinal Study on the Lifestyle and Health of University Students (ELESEU). This study examines a dynamic cohort of full-time students at a public university in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. This research, which started in 2015, will have four years of follow-up and is scheduled to end in 2018. A self-administered questionnaire is applied, containing questions regarding demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, and information on health conditions and risk factors such as lifestyle, perceived stress, symptoms of depression, body image, risk behaviors for eating disorders, self-assessment of health and diet quality, and other issues related to nutrition and health. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements are also recorded. Two 24-hour dietary recalls and cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose capillary measurements are collected in 50% of the students. In 2015, 495 participants (82.6% of the eligible students) were assessed in the baseline study. Of these, 348 (70.3%) were followed up in 2016. In 2016, 566 participants were included in the cohort (81% of the eligible students). This study will help to identify the factors that might influence changes in the nutritional, health, and metabolic status of young adults during college life.

O ingresso na universidade, para o aluno, pode provocar mudanças significativas no perfil de exposição a riscos para a saúde. O artigo tem como objetivo descrever o delineamento e procedimentos metodológicos adotados pelo Estudo Longitudinal sobre Estilo de Vida e Saúde em Estudantes Universitários (ELESEU). O estudo tem como base uma coorte dinâmica de estudantes universitários matriculados em tempo integral em uma universidade pública no Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil. A coorte teve início em 2015 e terá quatro anos de seguimento, com a conclusão prevista para 2018. Um questionário auto-administrado contém perguntas sobre características demográficas e socioeconômicas e informações sobre condições de saúde e fatores de risco, tais como estilo de vida, estresse percebido, sintomas de depressão, imagem corporal, comportamentos de risco para transtornos alimentares, auto-percepção da saúde e qualidade da dieta e outras questões relacionadas à nutrição e saúde. Também são registradas medidas antropométricas e de pressão arterial. São coletados dois recordatórios alimentares de 24 horas e medidas de colesterol, triglicerídeos e glicose capilar em 50% dos estudantes. Em 2015, 495 participantes (82,6% dos estudantes elegíveis) foram avaliados no estudo de linha de base. Destes, 348 (70,3%) foram reavaliados em 2016. Em 2016, 566 participantes foram incluídos na coorte (81% dos estudantes elegíveis). O estudo ajudará a identificar fatores que possam influenciar mudanças na saúde nutricional e estado metabólico de adultos jovens durante a vida universitária.

La admisión a la universidad puede provocar cambios significativos en el patrón de exposición a los riesgos de salud. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir el diseño del estudio y los procedimientos metodológicos adoptados en el Estudio Longitudinal sobre Estilo de Vida y Salud de Estudiantes Universitario (ELESEU). Este estudio examina una cohorte dinámica de estudiantes a tiempo completo en una universidad pública en el estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil. Esta investigación, que empezó en 2015, tendrá 4 años de seguimiento y está previsto que finalice en 2018. Se utiliza un cuestionario autoadministrado, que contiene preguntas respecto a las características demográficas y socioeconómicas, e información sobre condiciones de salud y factores de riesgo tales como: estilo de vida, estrés percibido, síntomas de depresión, imagen corporal, riesgo de desórdenes en el comportamiento alimenticio, autoevaluación de salud y calidad de la dieta, así como otros asuntos relacionados con la nutrición y la salud. Las medidas antropométricas, así como la toma de presión arterial también fueron recogidas. Se recogieron dos encuestas alimentarias de 24-horas, análisis de colesterol, triglicéridos, y muestras de glucosa capilar en un 50% de los estudiantes. En 2015, 495 participantes (un 82,6% de los estudiantes elegibles) fueron evaluados en este estudio de referencia. De ellos, a 348 (un 70,3%) se les realizó un seguimiento en 2016. En 2016, 566 participantes fueron incluidos en la cohorte (81% de los estudiantes elegibles). Este estudio nos ayudará a identificar los factores que tal vez influencien en cambios nutricionales, de salud, y metabólicos en el estado de adultos jóvenes durante su vida universitaria.